The erbil citadel, also known as the hawler castle, is unescodesignated world heritage site in erbil, the capital of iraqi kurdistan. May 02, 2014 top 15 things to see and do in erbil, kurdistan, iraq. Adaptive reuse was recognized and adopted as a principal strategy in the revitalization of erbil citadel. Shanidar cave is an archaeological site located on bradost mountain in the erbil governorate of iraqi kurdistan. Exploring the mazelike alleys and antique buildings within the citadel s stone walls, you will discover thousands of years of erbil s rich history and cultural heritage, from prehistoric times to the neoassyrian and ottoman eras. Image of architecture, archaeology, stone 57318439. This footage illustrates the outlines of unescos revitalization of the erbil citadel project. Sep 25, 2016 dating back to the 5 th millennium bc, the erbil citadel sits atop a large archaeological mound in the heart of erbil, the capital of the kurdish autonomous region in iraq also known as iraqi.
Erbil citadel gallery unesco world heritage centre. The erbil citadel is a fortified settlement on top of a 2030 meter high tell. Given this evidence for early occupation, the citadel has been called the oldest continuously occupied site in the world. The citadel of erbil is at the heart of the city and is the centre around which the surrounding urban pattern has grown in concentric rings 48. It has an elliptical plan with a long diameter of 430 meters and a short diameter of about 340 meters as can be noted from fig. The citadel is the unique heritage of human experience and genius of thousands of years. Development opportunities to save the erbil citadel youtube. Research of the arbil citadel, iraqi kurdistan, first season. The 6,000year saga of the citadel of erbil middle east institute. Erbil citadel mosque unbelievable kurdistan official.
When marginalising the role of local participation in. Over the millenia, the erbil citadel has taken shape, each generation building new structures on top of those of the previous generation. A mini city unto itself, though the streets along the crumbling mudbrick houses are quiet these days. In 1960 the main gate of erbil citadel was demolished by the local authority as. Erbil passed under the ruling of different empires over the history. The massive erbil citadel dominates the skyline, with every street in the city radiating from its center.
Today, the citadel is an historical and archaeological symbol of the city in terms of its cultural and hereditary fabric awaiting more care and interest to be. After 6,000 years of human habitation, one family and lots of. Erbil citadel revitalization and the presence of its emergence history. The first mosque to be built on its grounds, the citadel mosque is located in the center of the citadel. Ibn mustawfi referred to it as the fortress mosque in his book the history of erbil. Pdf the uniqueness of erbil citadel buffer zone as. Urban aspects as the predesign procedure studies have lead, the ems, to have two metrolines, red, and green lines that represent elevated and. It appears for the first time in historical sources in the ebla tablets around 2,300 bc, and gained particular importance during the neoassyrian period. After 6,000 years, time for a renovation at iraqs citadel. As the humanitarian and military crisis unfolds in iraq, we. Definitely worth a visit to the citadel, it is full of history and is the main site to visit when you are in erbil. The citadel an unesco world heritage site in the centre of the city. Dec 21, 2012 beethoven concerto for violin and orchestra hilary hahn, violin. Erbil citadel is a characteristic urban settlement on top of an imposing ovoidshaped tell, with a diameter of 300 meters, a hill created by many generations of people living and rebuilding on the same spot over 6.
Photo about erbil iraq dec 16 2010 iraqi people walking near erbil city center near erbil citadel, erbil city, kurdistan iraq. It is not simply an agglomeration of a number of houses and other buildings located within a complex system of narrow alleyways. Good examples include the citadel landmark, ankawa district or 60m road. Restaurants, shops and other locations are best found in relation to key landmarks, districts or large roads.
The citadel sits atop a tell, or a mound comprised of layers of many generations of human settlement. Parallels the citadel, at the heart of the kurdish city of erbil, has been inhabited for six millennia. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Erbil citadel is a fortified settlement on top of an imposing ovoidshaped tell a hill created by many generations of people living and rebuilding on the same spot in the kurdistan region, erbil governorate.
Alexander the great defeated the persian king darius iii on the plains surrounding erbil in 331 b. It is believed to have been in continuous existence for 7000 years or even more. May 24, 20 known as the citadel of erbil, this fortified town, measuring a meager 430 by 340 meters and occupying 102,000 square meters in area has been in continuous occupation since at least the 5th millennium bc, and possibly earlier. Erbil is known as the ancient citadel that has been continuously inhabited for 60008000 years 7. The citadel has been inscribed on the world heritage list since 21 june 2014. Erbil showed the same solidarity with paris by lighting the main gate of the erbil citadel. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Photos at central erbil bazaar citadel flea market in erbil. A continuous wall of tall 19thcentury facades still conveys the visual impression of an impregnable fortress. The citadel, which rises some 30 meters above the plain, is surrounded by a lower town that developed in the modern city of erbil. This page was last edited on 10 december 2018, at 09. The positive side of mall is everything is available here but the price may be up for someone who are on budget. See all 94 photos taken at central erbil bazaar citadel by 2,854 visitors. Erbil citadel documents unesco world heritage centre.
Dating back at least 6,000 years, erbil citadel is the oldest continuously inhabited urban settlement in the world and well worth a visit. Top 15 things to see and do in erbil, kurdistan, iraq. It has been claimed that the site is the oldest continuously inhabited town in the world. A visit to erbil citadel starts at the large bazaar at. General introduction erbil citadel town, which is situated dramatically on top of an artificial, 32 rmeters high earthen mound, and visually dominating the expansive modern city of erbil. Erbil citadel world heritage site pictures, info and. The organic pattern of erbil city citadel and its surrounding area in 1930s.
Apr 28, 2015 erbil citadel town is situated on top of an artifi cial, 32meters high earthen mound, and visually dominating the expansive modern city of erbil. Conducted in partnership with the high commission for erbil citadel revitalization hcecr. A womans journey through iraq, a past editor at new internationalist, and. Its potentials for adaptive reuse conference paper pdf available july 2015 with 978 reads how we measure reads.
Erbil citadel, which is considered the symbol of erbil city, is as old as the city of erbil. Media in category citadels the following 30 files are in this category, out of 30 total. This is represented in the citadel at the centre of it. Jan 27, 2020 the erbil citadel is a tell or occupied mound, and the historical city centre of erbil in the kurdistan region of iraq. The erbil alqala citadel is located on a distinct hill tell in the foothills north of iraq, in kurdistan. But the view from the citadel to see the erbil plaza is a beautiful scenery. Family mall is the most popular modern mall in erbil, it located in very good place. Assyrian vault tomb in arab district near erbil citadel, kurditaniraq. Visitors last week at the erbil citadel, a unesco world heritage site in iraq that is one of the oldest continuously occupied.
There are many events there like new year eve, christmas, islamic events. Ensag, may 2011 david gandreau, archaeologist sebastien moriset, architect craterre. In order to understand erbil city, a historical overview of it and its planning and design system are needed to be given. Ensag, may 2011 david gandreau, archaeologist sebastien moriset, architect craterre project code.
The central breakthrough straight street,which penetrate the urban fabric of erbil citadel from the south to the north where a new gate was created, had a drastic geometric impact upon urban space pattern of the citadel, because the inserted straight street has different geometric logic from the already existed pattern. Erbil city center, erbil city, kurdistan of iraq editorial. The history of erbils citadel reads like a cinematic epic worthy of. Nov 16, 2011 this footage illustrates the outlines of unescos revitalization of the erbil citadel project. Erbil is the capital of iraqi kurdistan and is a city in transition from a small town to a growing centre for commerce in the region. The citadel has thus continued to maintain the existence of erbil the city in this spot as well as the continuation of life in it, rather it has helped the city preserve its ancient name. Closed for renovations in 2007, all but one family were evicted as to maintain its record for being continuously inhabited. Citadel of erbil the citadel of erbil is a tell or occupied mound in the historical heart of erbil, rising between 25 and 32 metres 82 and 105 ft from the surrounding plain. Busrhra mawlood hozan fazi i zahra muayad diana shamil rihab ausama. Pdf erbil citadel joined the unesco world heritage list in june 2014, and is one of the worlds oldest continuously inhabited human settlements. Visitors can still have a tour of the ancient citadel where they can see its main attractions, such as the mosques and the public baths, and enjoy a fantastic view of the whole city. Tell qasra, training excavation at tell qasra to the north of the erbil citadel. It rests on the top of a moundslope at the centre of erbil. Model and subsequent editing of it, creation of trueorthophoto, creation of.
Oct 10, 2017 after 6,000 years of human habitation, one family and lots of mice. Erbils solidarity with paris following the recent terrorist attacks on the french capital, paris, many world cities projected the colors of the french flags in their most famous places. The earliest evidence for occupation of the citadel mound dates to the 5th millennium bc, and possibly earlier. Guidelines for the conservation of erbil citadel b1. Positioning erbil citadel within this context erbil citadel is a fortress of deephistory, tailored from diverse cultural values and historical events macginnis 2014, and resulting from a successive rebuilding over thousands of years. Erbil is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, dating back to 6,000 years b. Feb 27, 2015 after 6,000 years, time for a renovation at iraqs citadel. Conducted in partnership with the high commission for erbil citadel revitalization hcecr, this. Archaeology contributing editor andrew lawler recently reported on the 6,000yearhistory of the citadel of erbil in iraqi kurdistan. The area occupied by the erbil citadel is just over 10 hectares 1,410 x 1,120 feet, and it mainly consists of a main thoroughfare in the middle and a dense set of crisscrossing alleys. Pdf erbil citadel revitalization and the presence of its.
Over the millenia, the erbil citadel has taken shape, each generation building new structures on top. The citadel is uninhabited since 2006 and undergoing reconstructions. The citadel is a historical city centre of presently rapidly growing erbil, which is t. Based on these arguments, the definition of a buffer zone for erbil citadel and the introduction of specific regulations for this area were the conditions to add erbil citadel to the world heritage list in july 2014. The erbil citadel is considered a very powerful monument in the kurdish culture, as it has been. Its historic urban core civic, religious and commercial heart of erbil standing at the bottom of the citadel s hill from its south part has experienced many changes over the centuries, and is currently part of a protective buffer zone for the conservation of the citadel. Pdf summaryerbil citadel poster jambally a mohammed. Foursquare uses cookies to provide you with an optimal experience, to personalize ads that you may see, and to help advertisers measure the results of their ad campaigns. When erbil city was founded it was only the citadel, the entrances had iron doors 10 to protect the city from kurdish incursions to which all the turkmen villages on the kurdish line were repeatedly subjected. Thus, it may be regarded as the oldest continuously inhabited settlement in the world.
Erbil citadel is considered as a unique case as it of is concerned with a historical city to be revitalized as a wholeempty, and to be effective, adaptive reuse needs to be structured to insure that the decisions related to the bigger urban scale become a. The remains of ten neanderthals, dating from 35,000 to 65,000 years ago, have been found. Erbil citadel 2020 all you need to know before you go. Restoration plan for the rashid agha diwan khanah on erbil citadel. Conservation of erbil citadel iraq assessment of the situation and recommendations mission report, craterre. Visit erbil citadel on your trip to erbil or iraq inspirock. The erbil citadel, locally called qelat is a tell or occupied mound, and the historical city centre of erbil in the kurdistan region of iraq. The citadel of erbil lies in the middle of the city of erbil hewler which is the capital city of the kurdish regional government of iraq. The earliest evidence for occupation of the citadel. Kurdishgerman dai cooperation excavation, first and second seasons. Erbil citadel represents a distinct urban entity and should be treated as such. Use our erbil trip planner to arrange your visit to erbil citadel and other attractions in erbil.
The imposing yellowochre color structure with a solid perimeter wall is one of the most dramatic visual experiences in. There is an impressive view over shar garden square and the rooftops of. Erbil citadel is a fortified settlement on top of an imposing ovoidshaped tell a hill created by many generations of people living and rebuilding on the same spot in the kurdistan region, erbil. The citadel of erbil is a tell or occupied mound in the historical heart of erbil, rising between 25 and 32 metres 82 and 105 ft from the surrounding plain. Pdf north mesopotamian town arbil ancient urbilum, arbailu, arbela with at least. Erbil citadel,the unesco world heritage site in erbil city. The erbil citadel dates back thousands of years, to the first settlers of erbil. Conservation of erbil citadel, iraq assessment of the. The inhabitants of the citadel were evacuated and moved to a special area in the southeastern part of erbil which they named new citadel of erbil. Pdf research of the arbil citadel, iraqi kurdistan, first season. It has a long settlement history, dating back to at least the chalcolithic period and gaining prominence as arbela during the assyrian period. The buildings on top of the tell stretch over a roughly oval area of 430 by 340 metres 1,410 ft. It is a round structure, 30 meters high which dominates the old city and has been built upon seven layers of civilization. These days, most backpackers that make the decision to visit iraq will end up at some point in the city of erbil.
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